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Use ESCALATE when an agent cannot safely or confidently continue execution and requires human intervention. Escalation transfers the conversation to a human operator or handling system, ensuring continuity while preventing incorrect or risky automated responses.
Unlike agent-to-agent routing (HANDOFF / DELEGATE), escalation is specifically designed for human involvement and should not be modeled as a handoff to a human agent.
When to Use Escalation
Typical scenarios include:
- User frustration
- Customer complaints
- Policy validation requirements
- System failures
- Repeated routing failures
- High-risk or high-value operations
How Escalation Works
- Agent evaluates escalation triggers.
- When a trigger condition is met:
- A new task is created in the Inbox for a human agent to review and proceed.
- Agent execution is suspended.
- A human agent reviews and completes the task.
- After completion:
- The system executes configured post-completion actions.
- The workflow may resume, transfer, or end.
DSL Configuration
ESCALATE:
triggers:
- WHEN: condition
REASON: "reason for escalation"
PRIORITY: medium
TAGS: [tag1, tag2]
context_for_human:
- variable1
- variable2
routing:
queue: "queue_name"
skill_tags: [skill1, skill2]
priority_boost: 1
on_human_complete:
- IF human.resolved == true: COMPLETE
Trigger Properties
| Property | Type | Required | Description |
|---|
| WHEN | string | Yes | Condition that triggers escalation. |
| REASON | string | Yes | Human-readable reason for the escalation. |
| PRIORITY | string | Yes | Priority level: low, medium, high, or critical. |
| TAGS | string[] | No | Tags for routing and categorization in the human agent queue. |
Priority Levels
| Level | Use case |
|---|
| low | Non-urgent requests (e.g., general feedback). |
| medium | Standard requests (e.g., user requests human assistance). |
| high | Urgent issues (e.g., repeated failures, outages). |
| critical | Immediate attention required (e.g., compliance violations, fraud). |
Context for Human
The context_for_human block defines what data is sent to the human agent. This ensures the human agent has full context without asking the user to repeat information.
context_for_human:
- customer_id
- customer_name
- amount
- conversation_history
Structured Context
context_for_human:
- NAME: case_summary
TEMPLATE: "Customer {{customer_name}} requesting wire of {{amount}} {{currency}}"
INCLUDE: [fraud_score, sanctions_match_score]
Routing Configuration
Controls how escalation is routed to the human system.
| Property | Type | Required | Description |
|---|
| queue | string | No | Target queue in the human agent system. |
| skill_tags | string[] | No | Required skills for the human agent. |
| priority_boost | number | No | Additional priority applied to the task. |
Post-Completion Behavior
Defines what happens after the human agent completes the task.
on_human_complete:
- IF human.resolved == true: COMPLETE
- IF human.needs_agent == true: HANDOFF to specified_agent
- IF human.needs_followup == true: CONTINUE
| Action | Behavior |
|---|
| COMPLETE | End the workflow |
| HANDOFF | Transfer back to an agent |
| CONTINUE | Resume the current agent |
Examples
Escalation from Supervisor
SUPERVISOR: Customer_Service_Hub
VERSION: "2.0"
GOAL: "Route customers to the right specialist"
PERSONA: |
Professional customer service coordinator. Routes requests
efficiently and preserves context across agent transfers.
ESCALATE:
triggers:
- WHEN: routing_failures >= 3
REASON: "Multiple routing failures"
PRIORITY: high
- WHEN: user.requests_human == true
REASON: "Customer requesting human specialist"
PRIORITY: medium
context_for_human:
- user_id
- conversation_summary
- routing_failures
- conversation_history
routing:
queue: "customer_support_l2"
skill_tags: [support, escalation]
priority_boost: 1
on_human_complete:
- IF human.resolved == true: COMPLETE
- IF human.needs_agent == true: HANDOFF to Support_Agent
Escalation via ON_ERROR
THEN: ESCALATE triggers the escalation flow after retry attempts are exhausted.
ON_ERROR:
tool_error:
RESPOND: "I encountered an issue. Let me connect you with a specialist."
RETRY: 1
THEN: ESCALATE
routing_failure:
RESPOND: "I am having trouble routing your request."
RETRY: 1
THEN: HANDOFF Live_Agent_Transfer
Escalation vs Handoff
| Aspect | ESCALATE | HANDOFF |
|---|
| Target | Human operator | Another agent |
| Visibility | User interacts with human | User interacts with agent |
| Use case | Failure / escalation scenarios | Multi-agent routing |
| Control flow | Suspends agent execution | Transfers execution |
Troubleshooting
| Issue | Resolution |
|---|
| Escalation never triggers | Verify the WHEN condition references variables that are actually set during the conversation. Test with explicit values. |
| Human agent lacks context | Include conversation_history in context_for_human. List all relevant session variables-IDs, collected data and current state. |
| Conversation stalls after human completes | Define on_human_complete handlers for all possible human outcomes (resolved, needs_agent, needs_followup). |