How to resume after a child agent or human agent completes

Back to how-to guides Use this pattern when another agent or a person finishes part of a conversation and the original agent must pick up the work.

Concept

Four things can finish work for an agent. Each one returns control in a different way.

Path	Who finishes	How control returns	What you configure
Returnable handoff	A child agent	The child completes or hands back. The parent becomes the active agent.	`EXPECT_RETURN: true` and `ON_RETURN` on the `HANDOFF` entry.
Delegate	A child agent	The child runs inside one turn. The parent keeps ownership and receives the result.	`RETURNS`, `TIMEOUT`, and `ON_FAILURE` on the `DELEGATE` entry.
Human agent desk	A person at the desk	The person disconnects. The platform resumes or ends the session.	`post_agent` in the `ESCALATE` routing block.
Human task	A person in the inbox or through the resolve API	The platform records the answer. The conversation accepts the next customer message.	`on_human_complete` in the `ESCALATE` block.

A handoff with EXPECT_RETURN: false does not return. The parent finishes and the target owns the conversation. Hand off to a terminal agent covers that pattern. To choose between a handoff and a delegate, see Use a handoff instead of a delegate and Use a delegate instead of a handoff. To start a returnable handoff, see Hand off to a returnable agent. Two settings decide what the parent does after a child returns:

Setting	Meaning
`action: continue`	The parent continues its own work.
`action: resume_intent`	The parent replays the customer request through routing, with the returned values in place.

Minimal working example

A supervisor sends an unverified customer to a verification agent. The child returns. The supervisor replays the original question and routes it to the order agent.

SUPERVISOR: Order_Support_Supervisor
GOAL: "Verify the customer, then answer the original order question"

INTENTS:
  order_status: "The customer asks where an order is or when it arrives."

MEMORY:
  session:
    - verified_customer_id
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Customer ID confirmed by the verification agent."

HANDOFF:
  - TO: Identity_Verification_Agent
    WHEN: verified_customer_id IS NOT SET
    SUMMARY: "Verify the customer, then return."
    EXPECT_RETURN: true
    ON_RETURN:
      action: resume_intent
      resume_with: original_handoff_utterance
      map:
        customer_id: verified_customer_id

  - TO: Order_Status_Agent
    WHEN: intent.category == "order_status" AND verified_customer_id IS SET
    SUMMARY: "The customer is verified and asks about an order."
    EXPECT_RETURN: false

AGENT: Identity_Verification_Agent
GOAL: "Collect and confirm the customer ID, then return it to the supervisor"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - customer_id
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Customer ID gathered by this agent."

GATHER:
  customer_id:
    prompt: "What is your customer ID?"
    type: string
    required: true

COMPLETE:
  - WHEN: customer_id IS SET
    RESPOND: "Thanks. I confirmed customer {{customer_id}}."

AGENT: Order_Status_Agent
GOAL: "Tell a verified customer the status of an order"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - order_id
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Order number gathered by this agent."

GATHER:
  order_id:
    prompt: "What is your order number?"
    type: string
    required: true

COMPLETE:
  - WHEN: order_id IS SET
    RESPOND: "Order {{order_id}} is on its way."

Walk through a conversation:

The customer says “Where is my order?”. verified_customer_id is not set, so the supervisor hands off to the verification agent.
The child asks for the customer ID and completes. The platform copies customer_id from the child into verified_customer_id on the supervisor.
The supervisor replays “Where is my order?”. Now verified_customer_id is set and the intent is order_status, so the supervisor hands off to the order agent.

How it works

How control returns

A child agent returns in one of two ways:

The child reaches COMPLETE. Its thread ends.
The child’s model hands the conversation back before it completes. Its thread pauses and stays resumable.

In both cases the parent becomes the active agent. The platform adds the child’s customer-visible replies to the parent conversation history.

State and memory after the return

The map block decides which child values reach the parent.

`ON_RETURN` form	What returns
`map` set	Only the mapped values. The key is the child value. The value is the parent variable.
No `map`	Every value the child gathered, under the same name.

Keep these rules in mind:

A mapped child key must hold a value. A GATHER field or a SET assignment in the child gives it one. A key with no value is skipped without an error.
An empty returned value does not overwrite a parent value that is already set.
set assigns parent values after the map runs.
A map target that is a reserved or system variable is rejected. When any map, set, or clear target is not writable, the platform applies none of the return effects. This includes RESPOND.
Memory with the execution_tree scope returns automatically.
Other child values stay with the child unless you map them.

What the parent does next

Without ON_RETURN, the parent resumes. If the child returned a customer message, the parent routes that message as if the action were resume_intent. With resume_intent, the platform picks the message to replay with resume_with:

`resume_with` value	Message replayed
`original_handoff_utterance` (default)	The customer message that started the handoff.
`latest_child_user_utterance`	The last customer message the child received.
`latest_session_user_utterance`	The last customer message in the session.
`forwarded_return_message`	The message the child passed back.

If you omit resume_with and the child passed a message back, the platform replays the passed message. The platform does not forward a message that answers a sensitive question, such as a PIN. The platform replays once for each return. A reasoning parent allows one replay level. A parent that returns from a flow child can pass a replay up through four nested returns. When the limit is reached, the trace shows resume_intent_depth_limit. With continue, the parent continues its own flow or turn without a replay.

Delegate results

A delegate runs in a separate scope inside one turn. It cannot wait for customer input. If the child needs input, the delegate fails. Give the child everything it needs through INPUT. The RETURNS block copies named child values into parent variables. If you declare RETURNS and the child returns none of those values, the delegate fails. The platform blocks unsafe key names and scrubs secrets from returned values. A delegate stops waiting when TIMEOUT expires. Without TIMEOUT, the platform uses the runtime default. The default is 30 seconds unless your operator changes it. A failure follows ON_FAILURE:

`ON_FAILURE` value	Result
`CONTINUE` (default)	The parent continues without the result.
`RESPOND "message"`	The customer sees the message and the parent continues.
`ESCALATE`	The platform flags the session as escalated. It does not start a human transfer.

A one-way child that hands back

In 1.9.0, a child that the parent left with EXPECT_RETURN: false can still hand the conversation back to its direct parent. The child needs its own HANDOFF entry that targets that parent. This works only while the first handoff call is still in progress. The platform blocks routes to any other earlier agent as cycles.

When a human agent finishes

Where the person works decides how the session resumes.

Where the person works	What happens when the person finishes
Human-agent desk	The `post_agent` setting decides. `return` clears the escalated state and keeps the session open. `end` completes the session.
Inbox task response	The platform clears the escalated state and adds the answer to the history as `[Human Agent <name>]: <answer>`. The agent answers the next customer message.
Resolve API	The platform completes the task and the pause. It returns the matching `on_human_complete` action in the response. It does not run the action.

post_agent is end unless you set return in the routing block or in the project default for agent transfer. With post_agent: return, the agent that escalated resumes. A customer message such as thanks, bye, or done within 5 minutes of the transfer end completes the session. Any other message goes to the agent. With a SmartAssist survey, the platform keeps the session open until the customer answers the survey or the answer window ends. The person’s wrap-up form arrives after the disconnect and finishes the transfer record. The resume decision is already made at that point. While the person is working, customer messages go to the person. The agent does not answer them.

Conditions for `on_human_complete`

When on_human_complete has entries, the platform pauses the session at escalation. The customer receives the waiting message for every message until the task resolves. The pause record expires after 7 days. The resolve call carries a decision value. The platform checks the entries in order and returns the action of the first match. These are the only supported conditions:

Condition	Matches
`decision == "value"`	The decision equals the value.
`decision != "value"`	The decision differs from the value.
`always` or `*`	Every decision.

An entry with any other condition never matches. If no entry matches, the action is continue.

Timeouts and abandoned handoffs

Situation	Behavior
A child agent never completes	The child keeps the conversation. A returnable handoff has no timeout setting in ABL.
`TIMEOUT` on a `HANDOFF` entry	It sets the wait limit of an async remote handoff. It does not limit a local child.
A delegate runs too long	`TIMEOUT` stops the wait. `ON_FAILURE` applies.
The customer stops answering	The session idle timeout of the agent applies to the whole session.
An escalation task has no answer	The task is due after 24 hours. The service level check then raises it to the next level and expires it when no level remains.
You resolve an expired or cancelled task	The resolve call returns `ESCALATION_NOT_RESOLVABLE`.

Common variations

Continue with the parent’s own flow

Use continue when the parent keeps working and only needs the returned values. This example copies the income and records a note.

AGENT: Loan_Desk_Agent
GOAL: "Answer loan questions after the income agent collects the applicant income"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - annual_income
      TYPE: number
      DESCRIPTION: "Annual income collected by the income agent."
    - income_note
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Note recorded after the income agent returns."

HANDOFF:
  - TO: Income_Capture_Agent
    WHEN: annual_income IS NOT SET
    SUMMARY: "Collect the applicant income, then return."
    EXPECT_RETURN: true
    ON_RETURN:
      action: continue
      map:
        annual_income: annual_income
      set:
        income_note: "Income collected by the income agent."

AGENT: Income_Capture_Agent
GOAL: "Collect the annual income and return it to the loan desk"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - annual_income
      TYPE: number
      DESCRIPTION: "Annual income gathered by this agent."

GATHER:
  annual_income:
    prompt: "What is your annual income?"
    type: number
    required: true

COMPLETE:
  - WHEN: annual_income IS SET
    RESPOND: "Thanks. I have your income."

Delegate a check and map the result

The order desk asks the refund checker for a decision. The checker never talks to the customer. Project-local assumption: the project defines the check_refund_policy tool.

AGENT: Order_Desk_Agent
GOAL: "Answer order questions after the refund checker confirms eligibility"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - order_id
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Order number gathered by this agent."
    - refund_eligible
      TYPE: boolean
      DESCRIPTION: "Eligibility returned by the refund checker."
    - refund_reason
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Reason returned by the refund checker."

GATHER:
  order_id:
    prompt: "What is your order number?"
    type: string
    required: true

DELEGATE:
  - TO: Refund_Checker_Agent
    WHEN: order_id IS SET
    PURPOSE: "Check whether the order qualifies for a refund"
    INPUT:
      order_id: order_id
    RETURNS:
      eligible: refund_eligible
      reason: refund_reason
    TIMEOUT: 20s
    ON_FAILURE: RESPOND "I cannot check refund eligibility right now. Please try again shortly."

AGENT: Refund_Checker_Agent
GOAL: "Decide refund eligibility for one order and return the decision. This agent never talks to the customer."

TOOLS:
  check_refund_policy(order_id: string) -> {eligible: boolean, reason: string}
    description: "Look up the refund policy decision for an order."
    side_effects: false
    confirm: never
    params:
      order_id:
        description: "Order number."

GATHER:
  order_id:
    prompt: "Order number"
    type: string
    required: true

MEMORY:
  session:
    - eligible
      TYPE: boolean
      DESCRIPTION: "Eligibility decision."
    - reason
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Reason for the decision."

FLOW:
  entry_point: check

  steps:
    - check

  check:
    REASONING: false
    CALL: check_refund_policy
      WITH:
        order_id: order_id
      AS: decision
    SET:
      eligible = decision.eligible
      reason = decision.reason
    THEN: COMPLETE

Write ON_FAILURE in a DELEGATE entry. A DELEGATE entry that uses ON_FAIL compiles without an error, and the platform ignores the line.

Resume the agent after the person finishes

Set post_agent: return so the agent that escalated resumes when the person disconnects.

AGENT: Refund_Approval_Agent
GOAL: "Process refunds and send refunds above the limit to a person for approval"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - refund_amount
      TYPE: number
      DESCRIPTION: "Refund amount in dollars. Collected by this agent."
    - order_id
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Order number. Collected by this agent."

GATHER:
  order_id:
    prompt: "What is your order number?"
    type: string
    required: true
  refund_amount:
    prompt: "How much would you like refunded?"
    type: number
    required: true

ESCALATE:
  triggers:
    - WHEN: refund_amount > 1000
      REASON: "Refund above the agent limit needs approval"
      PRIORITY: medium

  context_for_human:
    - order_id
    - refund_amount

  routing:
    connection: support_desk
    queue: "refund_approvals"
    skills: [refunds]
    post_agent: return
    metadata:
      order_id: "{{order_id}}"

COMPLETE:
  - WHEN: order_id IS SET AND refund_amount <= 1000
    RESPOND: "I processed the refund for order {{order_id}}."

End the session when the person finishes

Set post_agent: end, or leave it out, when the person closes the conversation.

AGENT: Fraud_Desk_Agent
GOAL: "Collect fraud details and hand the case to a person, who closes the conversation"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - fraud_case_id
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Fraud case reference. Collected by this agent."

GATHER:
  fraud_case_id:
    prompt: "What is your fraud case reference?"
    type: string
    required: true

ESCALATE:
  triggers:
    - WHEN: fraud_case_id IS SET
      REASON: "Fraud case needs a specialist"
      PRIORITY: high

  context_for_human:
    - fraud_case_id

  routing:
    connection: support_desk
    queue: "fraud"
    post_agent: end

Pause for a reviewer decision

Use on_human_complete when a reviewer answers through the inbox or the resolve API. The decision string drives the returned action.

AGENT: Claims_Review_Agent
GOAL: "Collect claim details and wait for a reviewer decision before continuing"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - claim_id
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Claim reference. Collected by this agent."

GATHER:
  claim_id:
    prompt: "What is your claim reference?"
    type: string
    required: true

ESCALATE:
  triggers:
    - WHEN: claim_id IS SET
      REASON: "Claim needs a reviewer decision"
      PRIORITY: medium

  context_for_human:
    - claim_id

  on_human_complete:
    - IF decision == "approved": CONTINUE
    - IF decision == "rejected": COMPLETE

Reviewers answer with a POST to the project session path /sessions/<session ID>/escalation/resolve. The caller needs the session:execute permission. The body holds resolution with decision, respondedBy, and optional notes and fields. The response returns data.action. Your integration reads the action and acts on it. Conditions such as human.resolved == true never match. The resolve call returns continue for them.

Hand a one-way child back to the parent

A child that the parent left for good can hand the conversation back to the parent while the first handoff call is still in progress.

SUPERVISOR: Account_Hub
GOAL: "Send account requests to the Settings agent"

INTENTS:
  settings: "The customer wants to change account settings."

HANDOFF:
  - TO: Settings_Agent
    WHEN: intent.category == "settings"
    SUMMARY: "The customer wants to change a setting."
    EXPECT_RETURN: false

AGENT: Settings_Agent
GOAL: "Change one account setting, or hand back to the hub when the request is outside settings"

MEMORY:
  session:
    - setting_name
      TYPE: string
      DESCRIPTION: "Setting the customer wants to change. Collected by this agent."

GATHER:
  setting_name:
    prompt: "Which setting do you want to change?"
    type: string
    required: true

HANDOFF:
  - TO: Account_Hub
    WHEN: "the customer asks about something other than account settings"
    SUMMARY: "The request is outside settings."
    EXPECT_RETURN: false

COMPLETE:
  - WHEN: setting_name IS SET
    RESPOND: "I changed {{setting_name}} for you."

Verification

Validate the project. Fix every warning about unset variables or unknown conditions.
Run a conversation that triggers the handoff. Confirm that the child owns the next turns.
Complete the child task. Open the session trace and find return_to_parent or thread_return.
Check the parent variables. Each mapped variable holds the child value. A mapped variable with no value means the child did not hold the key.
For resume_intent, find the resume_intent event. Check resumeMessage and resumeMessageSource. Confirm that the parent routed to the expected agent.
Find the handoff_completed event. Check outcome and durationMs. This event records the handoff attempt. It does not record the return.
For a delegate, find delegate_complete. Check success. Find delegate_return_mapping to see which keys were set or blocked.
Force a delegate failure in a test project. Confirm that ON_FAILURE runs and the customer sees the message.
For a desk escalation, end the conversation at the desk. With post_agent: return, send a message and check that the agent answers. With end, check that the session reports the conversation as complete.
For on_human_complete, call the resolve endpoint once for each decision. Check data.action. Find the escalation_resolved event.

Production readiness checklist

Every map key exists in the child as a GATHER field or a SET target.
Every map target has a MEMORY declaration in the parent and is not a reserved name.
Each resume_intent parent has a route that can handle the replayed message.
Each child has a COMPLETE rule or a way to hand back. A child without one keeps the conversation.
Each DELEGATE has a TIMEOUT and an ON_FAILURE.
You set post_agent on every desk route. You do not rely on the default end.
Every on_human_complete condition uses decision. Your integration reads data.action.
You set a service level for the escalation inbox. Someone watches tasks that are due.
You tested the success path, a returned message, a delegate timeout, a delegate failure, and each post_agent value.
Monitoring watches handoff_completed, delegate_complete, memory_error, and escalation_resolved events.

Common mistakes

Mistake	Why it happens	How to avoid it
Expecting a one-way child to return.	`EXPECT_RETURN: false` ends the parent.	Set `EXPECT_RETURN: true` on the parent entry.
Mapping a key the child never sets.	The key name differs from the `GATHER` field.	Use the exact child field name. Check `delegate_return_mapping` or the parent value.
Omitting `map` and receiving extra values.	Without `map`, every gathered child value returns.	Add `map` to limit the values.
Mapping to a reserved name.	The target looks like an ordinary variable.	Choose a project variable name. The compiler reports reserved names.
Using `resume_intent` when the parent only needs the values.	The replay routes the old message again.	Use `continue`.
Using `ON_FAIL` in a `DELEGATE` entry.	Some references show `ON_FAIL`.	Write `ON_FAILURE`.
Writing `ON_FAILURE: ESCALATE` and expecting a person.	The setting only flags the session.	Trigger an `ESCALATE` block. See Package context for human escalation.
Writing `on_human_complete` conditions on `human.*` fields.	Examples in other places use them.	Write conditions on `decision`.
Leaving `post_agent` unset.	The default is `end`.	Set `return` when the agent must resume.

Troubleshooting

Symptom	Likely cause	What to check
The parent never runs after the child completes.	The handoff has `EXPECT_RETURN: false`, or the child never completed.	Check the entry and the child `COMPLETE` rule.
Parent variable stays empty.	The child key has no value, or the target is not writable.	Check for a `memory_error` event. Check the child `GATHER` field name.
A mapped value did not replace a parent value.	The child returned an empty value.	Check the child value. An empty value never overwrites a set value.
Return effects and the `RESPOND` text are missing.	A `map`, `set`, or `clear` target is not writable.	Check for a `memory_error` event.
Replay does not happen.	The depth limit was reached, or the replay message was a sensitive answer.	Find `resume_intent_depth_limit` in the trace.
The parent replays the wrong message.	`resume_with` is unset or points to another message.	Check `resumeMessageSource` in the `resume_intent` event.
The delegate fails with a wait error.	The child asks the customer for input.	Move the input into `INPUT`, or use a returnable handoff.
The delegate fails with a missing values error.	The child returned none of the `RETURNS` keys.	Check the child `SET` assignments and the key names.
Customer receives the waiting message again and again.	An `on_human_complete` pause is active.	Resolve the task. Check `GET` on the session escalation path.
Resolve returns `ESCALATION_ALREADY_RESOLVED` or `ESCALATION_NOT_RESOLVABLE`.	The task is completed, cancelled, or expired.	Check the task status.
The agent does not resume after the person disconnects.	`post_agent` is `end`, or unset.	Set `post_agent: return`.
The session ended after the person finished.	`post_agent` is `end`.	Check the routing block and the project default.
Replies start with `[HUMAN AGENT] Message received`.	The session is flagged as escalated with no live transfer.	Check the connection. See Package context for human escalation.

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References

How to resume after a child agent or human agent completes

Concept

Minimal working example

How it works

How control returns

State and memory after the return

What the parent does next

Delegate results

A one-way child that hands back

When a human agent finishes

Conditions for `on_human_complete`

Timeouts and abandoned handoffs

Common variations

Continue with the parent’s own flow

Delegate a check and map the result

Resume the agent after the person finishes

End the session when the person finishes

Pause for a reviewer decision

Hand a one-way child back to the parent

Verification

Production readiness checklist

Common mistakes

Troubleshooting

​Concept

​Minimal working example

​How it works

​How control returns

​State and memory after the return

​What the parent does next

​Delegate results

​A one-way child that hands back

​When a human agent finishes

​Conditions for on_human_complete

​Timeouts and abandoned handoffs

​Common variations

​Continue with the parent’s own flow

​Delegate a check and map the result

​Resume the agent after the person finishes

​End the session when the person finishes

​Pause for a reviewer decision

​Hand a one-way child back to the parent

​Verification

​Production readiness checklist

​Common mistakes

​Troubleshooting

Concept

Minimal working example

How it works

How control returns

State and memory after the return

What the parent does next

Delegate results

A one-way child that hands back

When a human agent finishes

Conditions for `on_human_complete`

Timeouts and abandoned handoffs

Common variations

Continue with the parent’s own flow

Delegate a check and map the result

Resume the agent after the person finishes

End the session when the person finishes

Pause for a reviewer decision

Hand a one-way child back to the parent

Verification

Production readiness checklist

Common mistakes

Troubleshooting